Leprosy in Paraíba, Brazil (2015-2023): adescriptive epidemiological study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18764/2595-9549v9n19e24633Keywords:
Mycobacterium leprae, Leprosy, Epidemiology, Public HealthAbstract
Mycobacterium lepromatosis, andis characterized by its prevalence in scenarios of socioeconomic inequality. Its transmission occurs predominantly through prolonged and continuous contact with infected patients, who eliminate the bacilli through the airways. According to the Ministry ofHealth and the World Health Organization (WHO), Brazil has the second highest number of detected leprosy cases, with an annual average of 20,000 infections, second only to India (n = 100,000 cases/year). This study sought to assess the epidemiological profile of M. leprae and M. lepromatosis infection in Paraíba, a state in northeastern Brazil, from 2015 to 2023. This is a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study of a basic nature and retrospective data collected from the National Notifiable Diseases System. In the period analyzed, Paraíba concentrated 5,257 detected cases of leprosy, with a predominance of men (n = 2,958), multibacillary form (n = 3,562), grade 0 disability (n = 2,239), ages 40 to 49 (n = 919) and 50 to 59 (n = 896), as well as people with schooling from 1 to 4 incomplete elementary school (n = 908) and progression to cure (n = 2,493). Individuals aged 14 or under comprised 227 cases, with a Detection Rate in Minors classified as medium to high, representing an active transmission chain. Paraíba therefore had an overall detection rate of 1.2 leprosy cases per 10,000 inhabitants in all years, failing to meet the targets set by the WHO.
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